The Aging Special Senses

Vanessa McClain Anatomy and Physiology GE 258 Unit 9. Assignment 2. The Aging Special Senses Thursday, November 17, 2011 1. ) Age-related Macular Disease – Is a disease associated with aging that gradually destroys sharp, central vision. Central vision is needed for seeing objects clearly and for common daily tasks such as reading and driving. AMD affects the macula, the part of the eye that allows you to see fine detail. There are two forms of age-related macular degeneration: Dry form and Wet form. The dry form is characterized by the presence of yellow deposits, called drusen, in the macula. A few drusen may not cause change in vision; however, as they grow in size and increase in number, they may lead to a dimming or distortion of vision that people find most noticeable when they read. In more advanced stages, there is also a thinning of the light-sensitive layer of cells in the macula leading to atrophy, or tissue death. In the atrophic form, patients may have blind spots in the center of their vision. The wet form is characterized by the growth of abnormal blood vessels from the choroid underneath the macula. These blood vessels leak blood and fluid into the retina, causing distortion of vision that makes straight lines look wavy, as well as blind spots and loss of central vision. They eventually scar, leading to permanent loss of central vision. They affect daily life in that there is struggle to do housework, studying, shopping, enjoying leisure activities and interests such as reading. 2. ) Glaucoma – Is a disease in which damage to the optic nerve leads to progressive, irreversible vision loss because the aqueous humor does not flow out of the eye properly and fluid pressure builds up over time causing damage to the optic nerve. It is the second leading cause of blindness. It affects one’s daily life such as driving or playing certain sports . It causes contrast sensitivity, problems with glare, and light sensitivity which interfere with daily activities. 3. ) Cataracts – Are cloudy areas in the lens inside the eye which is normally clear. There are two types: Age related cataracts which appear later in life and congenital cataracts, that may be present when a baby is born or shortly after birth. Cataracts cause an individual to see halos around lights. In some, the glare from car ights become bothersome and driving at night may be dangerous. Although far sight is affected more than near vision. If the cataracts are bad enough, it can make reading more difficult as well. 4. ) Detached Retina – Is a disorder of the eye in which the retina peels away from its underlying layer of support tissue. Initial detachment may be localized, but without rapid treatment the entire retina may detach, l eading to vision loss and blindness. It affects daily activities because of the sudden appearance of â€Å"floaters†, (dark, semi-transparent, floating shapes) in the field of vision or a shower of black dots. These are actually red blood cells because all retinal tears bleed a little when they occur. ) It causes a loss of central vision, a loss of peripheral vision called the â€Å"curtain effect† and brief, bright flashes of light which may be most noticeable when you move your eyes in the dark. 5. ) Deafness (sensorineural and conductive) – Sensorineural hearing loss is due to damage to the pathway that sound impulses take from the hair cells of the inner ear to the auditory nerve and the brain. Conductive hearing loss is caused by anything that interferes with the transmission of sound from the outer to the inner ear. Both of these hearing losses affect daily life because you may experience difficulty localizing sounds or understanding speech in busy environments and participating in everyday normal conversations which can lead to social isolation, frustration, tension, anger, stress and depression. 6. ) Meniere’s Disease – Is a disorder of the inner ear that can affect hearing and balance to a varying degree. It is characterized by episodes of vertigo and tinnitus and progressive hearing loss, though usually in one ear. It affects daily life because for some, sounds appear tiny or distorted and may experience unusual sensitivity to noises. In addition, you may experience a sensation of fullness or pressure in one or both ears and unilateral or bilateral tinnitus. Some may have parasitic symptoms, which aren’t necessarily symptoms of Meniere’s, but rather side effects from other symptoms. Typically these are nausea, vomiting and sweating. 7. ) Ataxia – Is an inability to coordinate muscle activity during voluntary movement, most often results from disorders of the cerebellum or the posterior columns of the spinal cord; may involve the limbs, head or trunk. Affects one’s daily life because it can alter a person’s walking pattern. For e. . wide based unsteady gain with difficulty stopping, turning and problem walking in poorly lit areas. It can cause falls due to postural instability, difficulty with tasks requiring fine control and coordination, tremors during voluntary movement, slurred speech and altered handwriting. 8. ) Hyposomnia – literally means â€Å"less† sleep. I t is a condition whereby a person does not need as much sleep as a normal individual. Specifically, they sleep less than 6 hours per night, but are adequately rested. It may occur at the onset, during or at the termination of sleep, and is common among the elderly. It affects daily life because the person that sleeps less but feels they need more experience the same problems as the person with insomnia that cannot sleep more than a few hours but feel they need more. It affects everyday life and activities because it is usually accompanied by general emotional upset, depression, or anxiety. References Conductive and Sensorineural hearing loss | Hearing Aid Know. (n. d. ). Hearing aids – hearing loss – help, information and blog – hear aids | Hearing Aid Know. Retrieved November 13, 2011, from http://www. hearingaidknow. om/2007/10/25/conductive-and-sensorineural-hearing-loss/ Detached Retina (or Retinal Detachment): Eye Conditions: Patient Care: U-M Kellogg Eye Center. (n. d. ). University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Retrieved November 13, 2011, from http://www. kellogg. umich. edu/patientcare/conditions/detached. retina. html Manan Hearing Care | Types of Hearing Loss. (n. d. ). Manan Hearing Care | #1 Midwest On-Site Hearing Care. Retrieved November 13, 2011, from http://mananhearing. com/types_of_hearing_loss. html Meniere's disease – MayoClinic. com. (n. d. ). Mayo Clinic. Retrieved November 13, 2011, from http://www. mayoclinic. com/health/menieres-disease/DS00535 What is Cataracts?. (n. d. ). Consumer Reports: Expert product reviews and product Ratings from our test labs. Retrieved November 13, 2011, from http://www. consumerreports. org/health/conditions-and-treatments/cataracts/what-is-it. htm What is Glaucoma? | Glaucoma Research Foundation. (n. d. ). Glaucoma Research Foundation. Retrieved November 13, 2011, from http://www. glaucoma. org/glaucoma/what-is-glaucoma. php? gclid=CO2f2Jvns6wCFY3KKgodyH2rIQ hyposomnia (thing)@Everything2. com. (n. d. ). Everything2. Retrieved November 13, 2011, from

Home Depot Essay

It is not common for an enterprise to rise from the level of start-up to market domination in less than 3 decades, but Home Depot has this special distinction. With annual sales in excess of $80 billion from over 2 thousand retail stores (A Portrait of Growth, 2007) this remarkable corporation did not even exist until 1978. This stunning growth, which has an impressive record of profitability as well, has been largely achieved in North America, during the less than dynamic times of the last quadrant of the 20th century. The Home Depot success story is not in mere commercial or financial terms alone, but is also a powerful symbol of the spirit of free enterprise: the company was founded by a team of just 2 entrepreneurs, and has made deep inroads in all the communities it serves (Roush, 1999). This document combines both internal and external views and accounts of the functional histories and accomplishments of Home Depot, and concludes with observations about the possible future prospects of the corporation in the global markets which have begun to unfold. Company Analysis Home Depot has been built on a triad of platforms, which can be used to analyze its performance in qualitative terms (A Portrait of Growth, 2007). The first of these planks has been to build on a core business, which the company has executed with finesse and with impressive results. The corporate brand has become virtually synonymous with all do-it-yourself and do-it-for-me home improvement activities in the United States. The company is present in all 50 States, and has a comprehensive package of products and services for all categories of individual home owners. The company brand is an assurance of quality and value-for-money for an entire generation of U. S. citizens. Easily accessible customer advice (Roush, 1999). and strong cultural roots in the multi-racial values of modern America are inextricably linked with all phases of company operations. A second dimension of Home Depot has been to extend business (A Portrait of Growth, 2007). The management has been relatively conservative in this respect, adding wholesale and electronic business lines, but without the kind of aggressive expansion that was a hall-mark of its early years of store expansion. Indeed, it is also interested to dispose off its wholesale business. It is possible to think of many extensions of the original home improvement business in a retail format, which the company seems to have ignored. However, business extension remains a key stated aim of Home Depot. The third plank of Home Depot is to enter new markets (A Portrait of Growth, 2007). Implementation, being restricted to Canada, Mexico, and China, has been poor. Russia, India, the European Union, Brazil, the Middle East, and South Africa, are some of the potential markets which Home Depot has ignored. There seems to be no systematic effort to exploit the Internet and establish a strong global presence, as many other U. S. based corporations have done. The overall qualitative company analysis of Home Depot shows excellence in and focus on growing the core business, with limited forays in diversification, and weak attempts to extend the business to all available markets. Quantified company analysis leads to the same conclusion: Home Depot yields high short-term cash, but seems to be low on initiatives for new investment. 2005 Gross Profit, at over $27 billion, is more than a third of sales revenue. This is quite extraordinary for a business without proprietary products or technology. It reflects the success of the company’s basic philosophy of achieving economies of scale (Roush, 1999). The 2005 achievement is no ‘flash in the pan’ for the company has an impressive record of 5 years of operating margin expansion. Long term debt is less than 10% of equity, indicating some possible diffidence of company management about future prospects. It does not augur well for investors who look for superior growth opportunities. The 2005 Quick Ration is below 0. indicating efficiency in purchasing and logistics, with due leverage of its commanding market share and brand strength. It is clear that Home Depot is a successful and profitable enterprise, though it is inadequately geared to exploit new opportunities and emergent market trends. The company’s financials and business structure indicate that it may have already crested its best years, especially with respect to the limitations to further growth in North America. Segregated accounts for operations in China are not available in the public domain, but it appears that the company has not matched its historical success in a new continent. The entrepreneurial origins of Home Depot may not be entirely relevant for the professionalism demanded by a global market environment. Economics High volumes at low prices are at the heart of the business model (Roush, 1999). The network of over 2 thousand retail stores, with national spread in the United States, and enviable brand equity, combine to attract a plethora of suppliers with apparent deep discounts for the company’s endorsement. The economics of Home Depot act as an entry barrier, preventing regional competitors from attacking its market share. High cash generation puts Home Depot in a formidable bargaining position, and with the power to sustain predatory pricing offers. The Home Depot economic model has deeper roots in people than in numbers! Decades of intensive training and close interaction between the founders and front-line employees (Roush, 1999) make the company’s stores more than mere warehouses of branded goods. Home Depot emphasizes customer education, which attracts middle-class first time home buyers in sustained and large numbers. The company has carved a large segment in the U.  S. market with such deep footprints that they are almost impossible for newcomers to erase. Accounting Home Depot is listed on the New York Stock Exchange (Home Depot Inc, 2007). It has met all reporting and disclosure requirements without any exceptions on record. Auditor comments on its financial statements show adequate compliance with statutory accounting standards. It is apparent that the company has an adequate accounting system, which is able to capture details of millions of transactions in reliable manner. Though the Management Information Systems of Home Depot are not in the public domain, it is possible to observe that even statutory treasury functions are advantageous for the company. The control of such a large number of sales items spread trans-nationally over such a large number of locations, would itself serve as an entry barrier for a new entrant. The company must excel in systems development, even if some parts are outsourced, to account correctly for such a large number of daily transactions. The Home Depot accounting system is therefore a significant non-financial asset of the corporation. Such systems have large future profit potentials if the company diversifies and enters new markets. Finance Earnings have grown by more than 20% for 4 consecutive years (A Portrait of Growth, 2007). Cash generation exceeds $7 billion. Total assets are about $44 billion. The equity base is stable at just over 2 billion shares, but long term debt is just 9. 9% of equity. The company is amazingly liquid for a business, which on paper should be most vulnerable to the vagaries of customer demand. The Current Ratio is just 1. 7, which is remarkable for so many items on sale across more than 2 thousand depots. Return on Investment in 18. 31, which exceed expected performance for a business without patents and proprietary technologies. Home Depot has a sterling financial performance, and is extremely sound by all financial yardsticks. However, the equity is not adequately leveraged. It appears that the management does not have new ideas about the future, though the business segment in which it operates is full of technological, economic, spatial, and demographic changes. Even the Current and Quick ratios, while admirable from an accountant’s perspective, may be questioned in terms of inventories of scare materials such as wood. Overall, finance has opportunities to excel as a function when a company grows aggressively, makes ambitious expansion plans, and deals in multiple currencies. The financial waters of Home Depot are placid! Marketing The Finance function of Home Depot may be a quiet place, but Marketing is a dynamic function for the company! Excellence in customer service is a founding value of the company (Roush, 1999). Much of this is achieved through intensive training programs, and by innovation in store design. It is hard to match the incomparable product and service combination of Home Depot and it is apparent that the company has a strong understanding of middle-class Americans as a customer segment. All home improvement needs can be met at the company’s stores, and customers have come to rely on the company’s pricing for a wide variety of tools and fixtures. The company brand enjoys top-of-the-mind recall, and has strong associations with the generic product category of retail home improvement. The do-it-yourself product category is very large in most sections of U. S. society, so Home Depot has a durable line of revenue by dominating this market. The business calls for deep understanding of the multi-faceted needs of home owners, and Home Depot has nurtured a special bonding with typical customers ever since its inception. The brand loyalty is extremely strong and has not been broken by any competitor as yet. The company has such a strong hold on the market that new manufacturers of appliances, fittings, and surfaces, are forced to enter the market through Home Depot stores. Customer education is a key consideration at Home Depot (Roush, 1999). This serves to protect the company’s market shares for even the most generic product lines, because no one else matches the information needs of new home owners, or older ones who encounter new problems in their properties. Since the company also offers favorable pricing, customers have little motivation to switch loyalties. Repeat custom is ensured through universal customer satisfaction. There is also plenty of space devoted to do-it-for-me market segments, which combines well with the wholesale business (now on the block for sale) to bring in valuable endorsements from experts in the professional home repair and redecoration businesses. Customers routinely visit Home Depot without any specific product in mind, or even without fully knowing what exactly they need to buy. The friendly advice which is easily and freely available at Home Depot serves to hook customers and has them returning for all home improvement needs. The service also serves to expand the overall market for home improvement, encouraging home owners to take on tasks which they may have left unattended or passed on to service providers, were it not for the guidelines forthcoming from the stores of Home Depot. The encouraging ambience in the stores of Home Depot is reinforced by wise and timely mass media communication. By advertising on a NASCAR theme on television (A Portrait of Growth, 2007) the company shows deep appreciation of its typical customer cluster, and their preferences. Home Depot is also an official NFL sponsor, which is most appropriate considering the profile of the typical customer who shops at Home Depot, and who is responsible for the vast majority of home improvement decisions. Home Depot excels in all aspects of Marketing with sharp focus on a targeted segment. The Marketing Mix is a coordinated mix of product and service elements guaranteed to ensure repeat custom and durable brand loyalties. Though Home Depot has not slackened its intensive marketing efforts to this day, the residual effects of the goodwill it has generated can stand it in good stead for years. It is considered to be one of the best retailers in North America by customers, associates, and peers alike. Management The Chief Executive Officer and senior Legal and Human Resources personnel have left the company in the last 3 months ending February 2007 (A Portrait of Growth, 2007). All the vacancies have been filled by internal promotions. Such moves would indicate strong management resistance to proposed changes of basic direction, and a determination to persist with established business patterns. The implications are even clearer for a company such as Home Depot, with strong traditions for developing and depending on people. The possible power struggle may have left significant sections of the remaining staff in turmoil, and perhaps now actively searching for alternate jobs. The former Chief Executive Officer is bound by a year’s no-compete clause, and cannot solicit employees to leave and join in his other ventures for the next few years: such clauses in separation contracts also suggest that many people in Home Depot may want to search for alternate jobs as soon as they have options. There is no merit in this matter as far as Home Depot’s future prospects are concerned. There is worse conflict with a major share-holder as well, over strategic direction (A Portrait of Growth, 2007). The share-holder entity, which is professionally managed, has merely asked for an independent strategy review, which is not something against the best interests of Home Depot. However, the Board has decided to oppose the constructive resolution. Reviews by outsiders are never binding on clients, so the management’s intransigence in this matter leaves room for doubt about cohesion at the top of the hierarchy. It is apparent that the company is divided between proponents of change, and a powerful group which favors the status-quo-ante. Though Home Depot has a spectacular performance record, it is true that the 21st century global market is quite different from domestic USA towards the end of the last millennium. New demographic segments of the wealthy, and of some immigrants, have emerged even within the strong hold of the home market, so a recasting of strategy seems in order, even if such an exercise were to conclude that the company is already on the right course. Hands on Human Resources Management, with emphasis on training (Roush, 1999) formed the template of the early success of Home Depot. However, a modern corporation cannot survive on breakfast meetings between employees and founders alone! Diversity concerns have certainly altered the composition of the work force, so new ways of managing people and deploying resources are inevitable. The present Home Depot management may have become prisoners of past achievement, preferring to stay with a course which may not be appropriate any longer. While internal promotions are creditable to a certain extent, Boards also need infusion of new perspectives from other successful companies. By filling all the recent vacancies internally, Home Depot may have deprived itself of valuable perspectives from the street. The company’s close association with middle-class America may become a limitation as it is forced to engage with unfamiliar markets and new customer types. Overall, serious discontinuities are evident in the highest echelons of Home Depot.

Fossil Fuels – discovery, utilisation and future

As industry developed and increased, as did the need for reliable and efficient fuels to power the new machinery developed. It did not take long before fossil fuels were discovered, with their innate ability to provide high amounts of energy at seemingly low costs. Fossil fuels are found deposited in rock formations. They were formed between 350 million and 50 million years ago, and so, although are technically renewable, it would take this long to remake them, which does not really help us today, it is due to the fact we need this long to make them that they are considered nonrenewable, and therefore will at some point run out. The processes by which they formed are not totally understood, other than that sediments buried decayed remains of ancient plants and/or animals. This is then effectively baked over millions of years under conditions of very high temperature and pressure, creating coal, oil, and natural gas, which consist of roughly 90% carbon Fossil fuels are used widely in all forms of industry, in fact, coal, petroleum and gas provides over 90% of the energy used in most industrialized countries, compared with just 9% which hydroelectricity and nuclear power provide together. You can read also Waves When looking at the properties of a good fuel, it is easy to see why fossil fuels are used: * A fuel should react with an oxidiser to release large amounts of energy – carbon based fuels release over 30000 kJ per kilogram * A fuel must be oxidised fairly easily, ignite quickly and sustain burning without further intervention – gaseous or easily vaporized fuels (such as oil) usually perform well here as the mix easily and continuously with oxygen which speeds up the reaction. Coal is often crushed to form small powders to make it ignite easier, however it is evident from steam the reliability of steam trains that carbon is easily burnt. * A fuel should be readily available, in large quantities and at a reasonable price – initially this could be said to be true about fossil fuels, but now, as people become more aware of their cons, and of other fuels' pros, they are becoming more expensive and less available. Still, the price of oil is so heavily depended upon by the economy, that even the slight fluctuation in price can cause a country to go to war or a government to fall. * A fuel should not burn to give products that are difficult to dispose of, unpleasant or harmful – fossil fuels definitely do not fall under this category, but the only fuel that does fall under this category is hydrogen. * A fuel should be convenient to store and transport safely and with out loss – fossil fuels are the only type of fuel that people are currently comfortable with storing, hydrogen and methane are so flammable that people get nervous about using them for cars, and until a safe way of storing them is developed, fossil fuels will have to continue to be used You may then wonder what the problem with fossil fuels is as they are obviously good at their job. What we must consider is the fact that they are non-renewable, and that we are consuming them at an incredible rate. It is predicted that most of the Earth's oil sources will be depleted over the century. Also, fossil fuels are used in many important chemical industries, such as making plastics, medicines, and solvents, and by burning them, we are decreasing our the feedstock for these vital products. Fossil fuels such as oil are made into these products through a series of different processes. First the oil is fractionally distilled then the different sections join together to make polymers. These synthetic plastics and solvents are used largely in everyday life, such as polystyrene cups and PVC plastic. Secondly, the burning of carbon based fuels produces large amounts of carbon dioxide that is one of the main contributors to the â€Å"greenhouse effect†. There are such drastically high levels of carbon dioxide in the air that the only real solution would be to ban all use of fossil fuels, but countries have become so dependant upon them that is not feasible. Thirdly, spillages of fossil fuels cause serious damages to local environments. When an oil tanker crashes, immense amounts of sea life and birds die, and the effects are disastrous. Fourthly, inefficient burning of fossil fuels results in the production of carbon monoxide, which is a very harmful and poisonous gas. Inhalation of this gas is likely to cause death as it interferes with the transport of oxygen in the blood stream. Fifthly, combustion of fossil fuels also produces gases such as nitrogen oxides, which cause acid rain. In particular we can look at oil. Numerous countries' entire economies now rely on the price of oil, as their entire wealth is in the drilling, extracting, and trading in it. This is cause for great concern as oil is non-renewable, and we are consuming it so quickly, it will inevitably run out, and counties will no longer be able to rely on it. We have seen in the past that countries' entire economies' have collapsed due to minor fluctuations in the oil market, therefore total collapse of the market would be devastating for many of the world's major and influential countries. Also, there would be immense amounts of job losses that would inevitably affect the society; this can be seen by looking at the destruction caused when the coalmines closed. There are few ways which can be seen to overcome this imminent problem, however, one, most likely solution would be to investigate alternatives to fossil fuels, but all of the possible alternatives have their advantages and disadvantages which must be taken into account before making any changes. * Biofuels (plants can be grown specifically for fuel or the production of fuel, such as wood or sugar cane. Biogas and biomass created by the growing and decaying of plants already produce usable fuel so this could easily be exploited to create a fuel source.) Advantages – renewable, reduces waste, simple technology. Disadvantages – not a large enough supply to totally replace fossil fuels * Methanol CH3OH (this is a simple alcohol which can be made from methane.) Advantages – burns cleanly and completely Disadvantages – more toxic than ethanol, provides less energy per litre than petrol, can cause corrosion of car engines. * Nuclear fission (energy is released when the nuclei of atoms of isotopes of uranium U-35 are split. The energy created can be used to heat water to turn steam turbines.) Advantages – no carbon, sulphur, or nitrogen oxides produces. Disadvantages – radioactive waste, safety systems needed are very expensive. * Nuclear fusion (energy is released when deuterium and tritium â€Å"fuse† to create helium) Advantages – potentially almost limitless as an energy supply as the reactants come from water. Disadvantages – very costly, cannot currently be produced at economic rates. * Moving air (wind turns windmills and wind turbines. Lots of research is already being carried out and soon may provide 10% of the UK's energy) Advantages – renewable, pollution and waste free, can be used in locality to where the energy is needed. Disadvantages – high initial expense, not reliable in calm weather, noise and visual environmental impact * Moving water (Hydroelectricity – water stored behind dams can be released through turbines to generate electricity. Waves – The motion of waves is used to create oscillating motion. Tides – incoming tides in river estuaries fill up large water stores behind barrages, which is then released through turbines.) Advantages – renewable, predictable, pollution and waste free, large scale. Disadvantages – costly to install, environmental impact. * Sunlight (Solar panels – collect solar heat and are used to heat water. Photovoltaic cells – convert light into electricity). Advantages – renewable, pollution and waste free. Disadvantages – Not good for places of low sunlight levels, high initial costs, not very practical for large-scale use. * Geothermal energy (heat from rocks under the Earth's surface can be used to heat water which can, in turn, be used to heat houses). Advantages – practically unlimited. Disadvantages – not widely available, large initial costs * Hydrogen (extracted from water by electrolysis, many things are capable of running on hydrogen). Advantages – no pollution. Disadvantages – people are nervous about using such a dangerously explosive gas, difficult to store and transport. If some of these possibilities were researched further, they could replace fossil fuels and help many of the previously discussed issues.

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20th-Century Genius Award Paper - Essay Example While most of you are cursorily familiar with Sigmund Freud, the extent and influence of his work is truly staggering. Through numerous published texts and consultation work Freud has influenced not just psychology, but nearly all disciplines within the liberal arts, and become a cornerstone of the modern vernacular. This essay considers Freud’s significant scientific and cultural contributions, in demonstrating why he was chosen for this prestigious award. Life Sigmund Freud was born in 1857 in the Moravian town of Pribor. At the time this region was part of the Austrian Empire, but has since become part of the Czech Republic. While Freud’s parent experienced significant poverty because of the economic climate, Freud was still able to attain a quality education. Freud excelled as a student and would go on to study under Darwinist Professor Karl Claus. During this period Freud widely read philosophy and came to understand many theoretical aspects that would later be inc orporated into his own work. While Freud was initially interested in law, this concern would soon shift to philosophy, and ultimately the emerging field of psychology. In 1885 Freud would begin his study of psychology in Paris under Jean-Martin Charcot. After completing his study he would go on to open his own medical practice. A year later he would marry Martha Bernays. Through Freud’s medical practice, he made great gains in terms of developing his psychological theories that would ultimately become articulated into psychoanalysis. Previously the main approach to psychological challenges had been hypnosis. Freud would begin his practice by implementing hypnosis, but would later abandon this for an approach he referred to as the talking cure. As Freud’s practice further developed he would begin to write a substantial variety of texts that would eventually form into a comprehensive psychological approach known as psychoanalysis. After a truly outstanding life, that inc luded bouts with cancer and an escape from Nazi Germany, Freud died in 1939. Survey of Contributions Sigmund Freud made a tremendous amount of contributions to the study of psychology. Freud developed a series of psychosexual stages of development that characterize the human development process from birth. As the child is born they enter the oral phase of development, and then subsequently progress into the anal, phallic, latency, and genital phases. The stages functioned to develop the sexuality of the individual, from one of polymorphous perversity to heterosexuality. It was Freud’s theoretical understanding that if difficulties were encountered in any of these stages that they would cause unconscious psychic dysfunctions later in life. At birth the child begins the oral stage of psychosexual development. This stage lasts until the individual is approximately two years old. As the moniker suggests, this stage of development is characterized by infantile fixation with the mo uth. Examples of this include thumb sucking, breast-feeding, and the placement of other various objects in the mouth. Freud’s concept of the Id is notable here, as he believed that the child in the oral stage is Id driven, as the ego and superego have not entirely developed; furthermore, as the child’s self-concept has not emerged, they are driven by the pleasure principle. It is during this stage that the child’s self-concept forms, as they recognize that they are a distinct entity the rest of their environment. The child also notably experiences weaning – that is, their first sense of abandonment – as their mother or parental guardian leaves them alone. Freud believed that this experience greatly contributed to ego formation. The next psychosexual stage is the anal

Introduction to Africa American Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Introduction to Africa American Art - Essay Example The Mende people are among the largest ethnic community in Sierra Leone. They belong to a large group of people living throughout West Africa. The Main economic activity of the Mende people is farming and hunting. On the other hand, the Bamana people are based in Mali. The Bamana speakers are also known as the Bambara. The Bambara are members of the Mande culture; a large and a powerful group of people in Western Africa. Just like the Mende people, the main economic activity of the Bamana people is farming and hunting (Beneke, Mekler and Museum 45). Ceremonial dances and rituals are essential features of the tradition of both the Mende people and the Bamana people. Depending on the nature of and the location of the dance, men, and women wear different consumes and masks. For instance, the Mende people have the Sowei mask that is worn by members of the Bundu secret society or the Sande community. Women wear this mask during public ceremonies such as weddings, thanksgiving ceremonies among others (Middleton 59). The Bamana people use their ceremony and rituals in marking the passage of rites, during weddings as well as in burial ceremonies. During their dances, the performers or the dancers mask themselves using the â€Å"tyi wara† an antelope dance crest. The â€Å"tyi were† male dance crest is one of the most commonly used costumes in ceremonial activities such as weddings and other ritual activities (Kwekudee) Currently , some Bamana adhere to Muslim as their main religion but a great part of them still practise their traditional rituals ;in particular honoring their ancestors . Conversely , the Mande share many facets of the wider Bamana culture including restricting their women from wearing a veil during ceremonies . Virtually, the Mande culture is recognized for its established soroties and fraternal orders (Kwekudee). Ultimately, the Mande dancing culture is one of the most popular dances in Africa and outside Africa. Specific rhythms

Discipline Model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Discipline Model - Essay Example The Dreikurs Model says that the teacher should be democratic and put limits for the students instead of punishing them. The Canter Model and The Fred Jones Model is about taking charge and providing efficient help to students and conveying messages through body language. The discipline model that I have selected is The Fred Jones Model. I have selected this model because children are very good at understanding non-verbal signals. They can respond to them better. With body language the students can predict the teacher's signs and respond accordingly. It makes it easier for the student to understand as he is getting only one signal instead of two, i.e. verbal and non-verbal. My teaching philosophy is that both teacher and students maintain a healthy relationship with clear communication. The teacher should be fair in all grading and implementation of the discipline model. All students are different and each one needs to be administered to individually, this model helps me achieve that because it asks to give individual attention to each child. Also, I believe in active learning and by giving incentives and Preferred Activity Time, I will be able tot each them some lessons outside the classroom as well. Learning is more important than getting a grade, which is why this model is more effective for me. It emphasizes on the need for the students to absorb the knowledge given to them. To achieve the grade the student needs to learn and set a goal, I help them set goals on the first day of class. This model focuses on giving incentives to students for doing the right thing. One suggestion by Fred Jones is that to allocate Preferred Activity Time, which can be for the whole class and if they behave they can do whatever activity they want in this time period. The model suggests that the teacher should give individual attention to students. This would motivate them to complete their work and move forward with their learning. The idea is to praise prompt and leave. There may be cases, when one child will continue to misbehave in this case I will have a backup plan ready to use. These punishments should be pre-planned and within the classroom so that the least amount of teaching time is wasted. Parents and administrators should be involved in the teaching and discipline process. They basic guidelines should be mentioned to them at the start of the semester and they should be briefed about all actions that the teacher plans to take in specific circumstances. The support of both parties should be achieved before going further and implementing the plans. Thus, it is best to talk to parents and the administrators before the start of the semester. On the first day of the new school term, the teacher should ensure that the class layout is such which enhances learning and easier communication with the teacher. It should also facilitate movement and not make it difficult for the student or the teacher to move around the class. The general rules should be told to the students and maybe put up in the class somewhere so that the students are not confused about them at any time. Also, all the tools and equipment required by the students for any activity that the teacher administers should be in the classroom and easily accessible to the students. This should all be done on the first day of the semester so that in future there are no misunderstandings between the teacher and

Analyze how Nguyen Du uses an element of literature to develop a theme Essay - 1

Analyze how Nguyen Du uses an element of literature to develop a theme in THE TALE OF KIEU - Essay Example People are compared to some objects belonging to nature and the world around them. This helps to understand the epic better and see the inner soul of its characters. So, if there were no connections between people and nature in The Tale of Kieu, it would not be so readable and interesting for the public. Even the first lines of the text under consideration remind the readers of their dependence upon nature. Thus, Nguyen Du writes that: â€Å"Blue Heaven's wont to strike arose from spite. By lamplight turn these scented leaves and read a tale of love recorded in old books† (Du 3). The first lines of this quotation hint that people live under the sky and it seems to be a living being for them, because only something that can breathe is able to ‘strike’. The major characters of the epic are compared to nature. For example, Chia-Ching had two beautiful daughters whose beauty is described with the help of this comparison. The daughters were named Van and Kieu. The firs t daughter is compared with flowers, plums, clouds and snow. This is easily proved by the following lines: â€Å"her face a moon, her eyebrows two full curves; her smile a flower, her voice the song of jade; her hair the sheen of clouds, her skin white snow† (Du 4). Another daughter – Kieu has much in common with autumn and spring. Her eyes looked like autumn streams. It was possible to see brows like spring hills above her eyes. Resorting to the use of these comparisons seems to be the best way for the author to describe the beauty of these girls. People are the part of nature; that is why no wonder that Nguyen Du creates the above-mentioned comparisons. It should be noted that people described by the author of The Tale of Kieu seem to live in harmony with nature. For example, when Nguyen Du gives more information about Kieu and her life, he mentions nature again. The connection between nature and Kieu is proved by the following lines: â€Å"She calmly lived behind d rawn shades and drapes, as wooers swarmed, unheeded, by the wall. Young grass spread all its green to heaven's rim; some blossoms marked pear branches with white dots† (Du 4). The grass mentioned by Nguyen Du is a symbol. It stands for Kieu’s youth. She is not experienced yet and the most important events in her life are still in the future. The protagonist likes sun and the earth the same way as grass. They seem to have much in common with each other; that is why it is one of the best images of nature applied by the author of the epic under consideration. The author of the epic resorts to the use of the image of moon very often. In the beginning of The Tale of Kieu it is used in order to describe Van’s appearance. Then, this very image is applied in order to show Kim and Kieu’s love. Why does Nguyen Du decide to use moon one more time? The moon is not affected by the spots that constantly appear on it. This does not prevent it from shining. The same situa tion occurs to Kim and Kieu. They love each other despite all the problems and people who are trying to stop them. Moreover, the image of moon occurs when Kim has to look for his beloved. Thus, here the reader may find the following line: â€Å"to fall in love, to part, to reunite – both felt mixed grief and joy as rose the moon† (Du 45). In fact, moon always was a symbol of love and romance; however, a few poets resorted to its use in order to describe tragic events. Nevertheless, it is successfully done by Nguyen Du.

Language and regions of the brain that contribute to language Essay

Language and regions of the brain that contribute to language - Essay Example This inability to speak is aphasia, while inability to produce speech is termed as Brocas aphasia or expressive aphasia. The individual displaying such damage also display problem in understanding speech and they have gross grammar misunderstandings. Individuals with Wernickes area defect can speak well but are not able to recognize and understand what others are saying. This is also known as receptive aphasia and such individuals respond with strange or meaningless words. This area is also related with speech comprehension. Individuals find it difficult to name things as they are poor in mental dictionaries. Brocas area is intimately connected with the Wernickes area by band of nerves known as arcuate fascilicus. Some individuals display damage in the arcuate fascilicus resulting in aphasia called conduction aphasia, such individuals can recognize the speech, also they are able to create coherent speech, but cannot replicate the words they

Prewriting Strategies Essay Example for Free

Prewriting Strategies Essay 1. In academic writing, assignments may require students to present the results of their research without including their personal opinion. By avoiding first- and second- person pronouns, and writing in the third person will help one doing so. The use of first- and second- person also gives the writing an informal feel. When writing academically, the writer should always be formal. 2. www.jackiekcooper.com/MovieReviews/Limitless.html a.In this movie, Jackie Cooper has the starring role and holds his own even in scenes with the legendary star Robert De Niro. In this sentence the adjective legendary describes Robert De Niro. b.In the film Cooper plays Eddie Morra, a down-on-his-luck aspiring writer. The adjective describes the writer as being aspiring. c.His girlfriend Lindy is fed up with his shiftless ways and breaks up with him. The adjective describes his ways as shiftless. d.When he takes the pill, his life becomes much clearer. The adjective describes life as clearer. e.It is not a great role and De Niro is only adequate in it. The adverb describes how De Niro acted in the role. f.It is not a great role and De Niro is only adequate in it. The adjective describes the role as not great. g.In â€Å"Limitless† the story centers totally on his character and he rises to the occasion to give the role his all. The adverb describes how the story centers on his character. h.Eddie may be riding high for a while but there is always that possibility of him falling down or being brought down. The adverb describes how Eddie is riding. Over all, the critic used the adjectives and adverbs in a very descriptive and effective way. 3. This class has already taught us that although we may have the imagination to write, we have much more to learn about proper academic writing mechanics. The most important lesson we have learned is to proofread carefully. When we first started our studies at the University of Phoenix, we were not aware of the significant difference between academic writing and casual writing. The difference between academic writing and casual writing is becoming clearer to us. The difference between the two is clearest when we receive instructor feedback. We will continue to pay closer attention to details in our writing. This is the way that we will change our focus in the future and also the way we will come closest to achieving our goals. 4. There are three key parts of a paragraph; the topic sentence or introductions, the body of the paragraph or supporting information, and the conclusion that summarizes the content of the paragraph. 5. It is important that the topic sentence and supporting points within that paragraph be directly related or else the writer’s message will be lost, and the reader will be confused. The writing will not flow smoothly, and the reader will be forced to work at trying to figure out exactly what they are reading. Unless the topic sentence and supporting paragraphs do not connect or relate, the reader will be left confused. In the end, the reader may dismiss the frustrating writing altogether. 6. An evaluation is the writer’s informed judgment about a reading. The author did a great job summarizing and tying in what they have learned from the reading. The author was able to relate to the topic by adding an experience he or she conducted to the material. One thing the author could have done better was to point out why he or she thought it was a good overview.

Behaviour Therapy for Child Sleep Disorder

Behaviour Therapy for Child Sleep Disorder Aims: Outlines the nature of behavioural aspects of children’s sleep and how these might be addressed by behaviour therapy. Clinical considerations concerned with the use of behavioural therapy are also highlighted. Consider behavioural aspects (ie, learned behaviours) and their relevance for our understanding of children’s sleep patterns and management of their sleep disorders. Increase awareness of how behavioural factors may play a role in the development and treatment of wide-ranging paediatric sleep disorders and to discuss clinical considerations relevant to management planning and decisions about whether to refer a child for specialist behavioural therapy. Classification: International Classification of Sleep Disorders of ‘‘behavioural insomnia of childhood’’:Â  (present with difficulty settling to sleep, nightwaking and/or early waking difficulties) Overall prevalence rates of 30% ‘‘inappropriate sleep onset associations’’ (ie, where the child has not learnt to fall asleep without a set of problematic or demanding conditions such as parents’ being present), ‘ ‘limit-setting sleep disorder’’ (ie where the care giver demonstrates insufficient or inappropriate limit-setting to establish appropriate sleep behaviour in the child) ‘‘combined’’subtype where these two problems co-exist. 25–50% of 6–12-month olds have difficulty settling to sleep or waking in the night do not decrease with age: by age 3 years, 25–30% have sleeplessness problems With similar percentages reported for the 3–5-year age group, 43% of 8–10-year olds 23% of 10– 17-year olds. These problems are not transient; an epidemiological study of a cohort of 5-year olds suggested that sleeping problems at age 5 years were significantly associated with sleeping difficulties at age 6 months (or before) and that children with sleep problems at age 5 years were more likely to have sleeping problems at 10 years. Over 80 sleep disorders listed in the International Classification of Sleep Disorders, which are divided into six main categories: insomnia, sleep-related breathing disorders, hypersomnia of central origin, circadian rhythm disorders (ex. Delayed sleep phase syndrome) parasomnias (ex. Sleep terrors, nightmares) Helped by beh therapy. sleep-related movement disorder (ex. nocturnal headbanging) (in preliminary reports) Behavioural Interventions: Classical conditioning is a form of associative learning whereby a neutral stimulus is paired with a naturally occurring stimulus, which evokes the desired behavioural response until, after multiple pairings, the neutral stimulus alone is sufficient to elicit the desired behaviour; thus behaviours are conditioned to be elicited by antecedent conditions. Operant conditioning involves the use of consequences to modify the occurrence and form of behaviour. The particular intervention strategy used will vary depending on family and child factors and the nature of the sleep disturbance one hopes to address. General Principles: (The more consistently these principles are applied, the easier it will be for the child to learn) Behaviour can be encouraged by linking it with an antecedent stimulus, which serves to trigger the desired behaviour. Reinforcement- Behaviour is likely to recur if the consequences of the behaviour were reinforcing for the child. (Can be pos or neg) Extinction, or removing reinforcement (eg, drinks, parental presence, attention) maintaining the undesired behaviour (eg, crying, refusal to settle to sleep without the above) can be achieved gradually or abruptly. Shaping- A new behaviour can be encouraged by rewarding a series of responses that more and more closely resemble the desired behaviour. Punishment- Behaviour is less likely to occur if followed by a punishing consequence. (Can be pos or neg) Rewards Success On the basis of controlled empirical data, behavioural approaches are viewed as the first-line treatment of choice for this type of sleep disorder, because they have none of the potential associated negative side effects of sedative hypnotics,20 and a systematic review suggests that, long term, they are more effective. The relative efficacy of specific behavioural strategies or components of behaviour therapy has been less well investigated so details of any behavioural plan should be explored in the context of collaborative therapy, considering the practical and emotional resources of individual families. The developmental stage of the child is also an important consideration—for example, some strategies require the child to have verbal abilities of a particular level, and reinforcement programmes are likely to be particularly important for older children. To note It should, of course, be noted that the effective use of behaviour therapy does not necessarily indicate that the sleep disturbance is behavioural in origin or being maintained by behavioural factors. Behaviour therapy may play a role in the management of disorders that are of definite organic origin. (ex. behavioural therapy including planned naps, appropriate sleep routines and well-defined 24 h schedules may have a role in management of narcolepsy, a hypersomnia of central origin, or facilitate compliance with continuous positive airways pressure therapy for children who require this form of intervention for sleep-disordered breathing). Behavioural therapy has been used successfully with a number of special populations who are at increased risk of severe and long-standing sleep disorders for a range of biological and psychological reasons. That this form of intervention does not rely on the use of verbal skills makes it especially appropriate for use with children with intellectual disabilities. Delivering behavioural therapy in a brief, booklet form (with obvious economic implications) has been found to be as successful as behaviour therapy delivered face-to face in managing the sleeplessness problems of infants with intellectual disabilities. Further considerations There is a need for development of behavioural models specific to different types of sleep disturbance, and for children of various ages, to further understanding about the development and maintenance of sleep disturbance and to suggest therapeutic strategies for evaluation. Consideration for clinicians is that multiple sleep disorders may coexist, and so behaviourally based sleep disorders may be present in children with other sleep disorders of more physiological origin or arise as a secondary problem. It may be necessary to use multiple forms of treatment to address individual sleep disorders. It may also be appropriate to combine treatments in the management of one sleep disorder. (ex. Beh interventions melatonin) Although behaviour therapy delivered in conventional face to-face format may have apparent drawbacks in terms of the time and cost of implementing the interventions, the potential to prevent long-standing sleeping difficulties and their associated problems (which, as outlined above, may include adultmental health problems) is likely to far outweigh the limitations in both economic and social terms, at both the societal and personal level. Ensuring that families can access appropriate support and advice should be a service priority, and investigation of how to improve access (eg, with brief forms of treatment, low-cost delivery methods, identifying active therapeutic components and their efficacy for particular groups of children and different sleep disorders) should be key research targets for the future.

Economic Impact of Shale Gas and Tight Oil

Economic Impact of Shale Gas and Tight Oil Why the Economic Impact of Shale Gas and Tight Oil is rather limited The extraction of shale gas and tight oil from unconventional sources is currently subject to a fierce debate. The discussion about benefits and disadvantages stands at a decisive threshold for economic policies at a regional, national and international level. Europe remains divided on this issue while data from the US seems to be promising. The question on the macroeconomic impact of the shale gas boom remains, however, unclear. The author claims that the long-run economic benefits for the US and Europe are rather limited. To prove this, he will critically analyse the claims made by Daniel Yergin and Nick Butler as well as Muehlenbachs, Spiller Timmins article on the subject. The focus of the analysis at a glance Daniel Yergin claims in his article, that US shale gas and tight oil have already changed global energy markets and reduced both Europe’s competitiveness vis-à  -vis the US and China’s overall competitiveness. What is more, he claims that this â€Å"unconventional revolution† in energy will bring a shift in global politics. Although it is probable, that the US will developed to be gas exporting country in the coming years, studies show that they will have to rely significantly on crude oil imports in the future, and not only from Canada, as Yergin claims. Furthermore, there will not be a significant reduction on emissions due to the so called shale revolution. Other local externalities, such as the impact on groundwater, air pollution, and leakages have to be considered. Muehlenbachs, Spiller Timmins article even suggests considerable effects on the housing-market and property values. Furthermore, data of the US case shows that the reduction of the amount of coal-produced energy was triggered by the cyclical decrease in gas prices, which has now largely turned. Shale gas is insufficient on its own to drive out coal of the overall energy-mix in both the United States and Europe. Therefore, Nick Butler’s claim of self-sufficiency within a few years and Yergin’s statement about a shift in world politics have to be treated with caution. Yergin and Butler both come up with the argument, that lower gas prices will strengthen the economy. When looking at the impact of lower gas prices on productivity, two effects can be analysed: Firstly, an income effect due to the fact that gas can now be produced cheaper and thus, ceteris paribus, more income is available to buy other goods. Secondly, substitution effects that are resulting from shifting gas prices that can change the relative prices of goods in which gas is an input and consequently have knock-on effects for productivity in other sectors. Yet, it is not that simple. Analysing the issue out of a microeconomic perspective suggests that the effect on GDP of the two effects is likely to be trivially unimportant, affecting sectors representing only a minor part of the economy (1.2% in the US). Data of several studies suggests average income effects of about 0.575% from 2012 and 2040 for the US. It is important to stress that this is a long-term increase in the level of GDP, not the growth rate. Another key element of Yergin’s argumentation is the reduced dependency on oil imports mentioned above. Increased domestic production of oil and gas leads to a smaller amount of imports. Subsequently, this means that the producer surplus of oil is being transferred from foreign oil exporters to domestic oil producers. But again, this has consequences on the level of GDP in the long term and not on the growth rate. Studies show that, even when considering increases of the exchange rate and other crowding-out effects, there will not be a significant positive impact on manufacturing deficit after all. Similarly to the data shown earlier, the long-run GDP effects of reduced US oil imports are estimated to increase the level of GDP until 2040 of about 0.35%. The addition of these effects leads to a conversion of the long-run level of GDP of averagely 0.875%. Adding these effects to the uncertainty of fracking per se, especially in Europe, one can clearly see that there might not be that much of a revolution going on after all. Considering the argument that the â€Å"unconventional revolution† will create a fair amount of jobs, at least in the US, one has to consider that the American economy was not at that time and is not at full employment of labour and capital now. The estimated short-term stimulus effects due to increased investment, employment, and input spending in the sector are again rather low (0.13% of GDP and 0.48% of GDP). Regarding the change of the balance of competitiveness in the world economy and the claimed unanticipated advantage due to shale energy, one has to consider a few other things. There is no proof that the shale gas boom will lead to a reindustrialisation of the entire American manufacturing sector. Of course, US exports have risen sectors that use gas, but only to almost $24 billion in 2012 compared to a manufacturing trade deficit of roughly $780 billion. Additionally, declines in the real exchange rate in the last years and the consequences of the recession have clearly increased exports and reduced imports. The assumption that the â€Å"unconventional revolution† will lead to a revitalisation of US economy is therefore rather delicate. Furthermore, the net benefits of low-priced gas are likely to be limited to certain manufacturing sectors only, especially the chemicals, metals, and paper sectors according to IMF working papers. In conclusion, the analysis shows that one needs to carefully differentiate between the (positive) effects of the shale gas boom as a technical innovation and it being a revolution per se. As shown above, the long-term benefits in the areas of production and manufacturing competitiveness are relatively small. Additionally, shale gas and tight oil will not replace coal-based energy nor substitute a considerable amount of oil imports in both the US and Europe in the next decades. Therefore, promoting energy efficiency and low-carbon technologies as well as clear energy policies will be even more important than before, especially for the European countries. References Articles analysed: Butler, N. (2014, March 30). After shale gas, now for tight oil. Retrieved from Financial Times: http://blogs.ft.com/nick-butler/2014/03/30/after-shale-gas-now-for-tight-oil/ Muehlenbachs, L., Spiller, B., Timmins, C. (2014, February 9). The housing-market impacts of shale-gas development. Retrieved from VoxEU: Research-based policy analysis and commentary from leading economists: http://www.voxeu.org/article/shale-gas-and-housing-market Yergin, D. (2014, January 8). The Global Impact of US Shale. Retrieved from Project Syndicate: https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/daniel-yergin-traces-the-effects-of-america-s-shale-energy-revolution-on-the-balance-of-global-economic-and-political-power Other sources: Celasun, O., Di Bella, G., Mahedy, T., Papageorgiou , C. (2014). The US Manufacturing Recovery: Uptick or Renaissance. IMF Working Paper. Gruenspecht, H. (2013). Annual Energy Outlook (Early Release): with projections to 2040: presentation on behalf of US Energy Information Administration for Center on Global Energy Policy. New York: Columbia University. US Energy Information Administration. (2014, April 16). Annual Energy Outlook 2014. Retrieved from US Energy Information Administration: http://www.eia.gov/oiaf/aeo/tablebrowser/

Governmental Regulation Of Cloning Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive T

Governmental Regulation Of Cloning    For years, the prospect of human cloning was fodder for outrageous science-fiction stories and nothing more. However, in more recent times, human cloning has moved significantly closer to becoming a reality. Accordingly, the issue has evoked a number of strong reactions, both praising and condemning the procedure. The fact that human cloning not just affects human lives indirectly but actually involves tinkering with human creation has forced human cloning into a position of controversy. The progress of the issue of human cloning, then, has been shaped not only by the abilities and resources of scientists but by public opinion and by governmental regulation that has resulted from public pressure.    Although the issue of human cloning has received the most attention within the last two years, cloning techniques have existed since the late 1970s. The cloning technique used at this time was a process called artificial twinning which involved split ting a single fertilized ovum into what are then considered new embryos and then implanting each into a female to be carried to term (religioustolerance.org 1). These experiments, however, were limited to animals. By the 1980s and early 1990s, during the presidencies of Ronald Reagan and George Bush, restrictions had been placed on the research of the cloning of human beings. The pro-life groups, which have considerabl e influence in the Republican party, held many concerns about the experimentation and destruction of human embryos, which they consider people with rights, thus they pressured the administration for restrictions on research (cac.psu.edu 1). A series of measures prohibiting federal funding for human cloning were thus implem ent... ...ly praised, but science that interferes with the creation of human life is seen by many as entirely different. People are still unsure as to whether or not and to what extent scientists should be involved in such a realm. This is, in fact, the prevailing view. Consequently, the field of human cloning has been shaped by these attitudes. At present, human cloning both nationally and internationally is essentially an unacceptable practice. Whether scientists such as Richard Seed will be successful remains to be seen, but the consensus seems to be that the world is not yet ready for full-blown human cloning. Accordingly, efforts have been made to impede the scientific process and to push human cloning into the distant future.    Works Cited Bovsun, Mara. "Flaws seen in proposed bans on cloning." Http://biz.yahoo.com/upi/98/02/13/general_views/usscience_4.html.

20,000 Leagues Under The Sea Essay -- essays research papers

Intellect, Precision, Courtesy; The Makings of a Leader   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The ocean swells around you like a dust devil in a sandbox. Salt water fills your nostrils. The ship that deemed this fate upon you sails into the distance. You wonder, how am I going to get out of this one? Suddenly, a large metal object plants itself beneath your feet. A porthole opens and men carry you inside the belly of the large iron beast floating nether you. What’s going to happen now? In Jules Verne’s Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea, this is exactly what main characters M. Aronmax, his servant Conseil, and Ned Land the harpooner, were thinking. After a hefty six-hour wait of being locked in a dark cell, the door opens. A man who introduces himself as Captain Nemo, an obvious leader and a man of stature, claims to have built the submersible in order to travel the world without ever having to step back on the land which he so greatly rejects. Reflection on the qualities of leadership reveals how Captain Nemo’s character enabled him t o do exactly this.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is soon apparent that Captain Nemo a man of keen intellect. His knowledge of the sea, the many languages he speaks, and the education he has given his men all contribute the success of his ship’s goal, to explore. Examples of his intelligence are rampant throughout the novel. In a burial at sea the captain decided to envelop the body, not only in a coral reef, but also in byssus to seal it for eternity and protect it from sharks. The uncommon understanding of the effects of byssus, or other plant life, demonstrates his depth of research. Using one’s intellect to benefit practical concerns instills admiration and confidence in those serving you. His many years of study also contributed to a broad knowledge of languages: “ ‘Gentlemen’,'; said he, in a calm and penetrating voice, ‘I speak French, English, German, and Latin equally well’ ';. Knowing many languages is essential to becoming a great sea captain for you never k now when or where you might travel. Nemo also has the ability to apply his knowledge into educating his men. It was his genius mind that taught them where to gather, and piece together, the components that would later become the Nautilus. All in all, Captain Nemo is... ...e in an inferior position to oneself. With his respectful attitude, the captain is able to put his “guests'; at ease. “The island of Ceylon, noted for it’s pearl-fisheries. Would you like to visit one of them M. Aronmax?'; Offering options to those with little control over their lives bestows them with a sense of power, however false it may be. A courteous attitude goes a long way to establish positive long-term relationships among those who may be spending extended periods of time together.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many qualities are in force to make a great leader. Captain Nemo has all of these. His well developed mind allowed him to not only deal with the technological details of the submersible, but also to deal with those around him in an advantageous way. The smooth running of any business is enhanced by attention to the smallest details. Nemo had a great capacity for the minutia of both his life and his work. A successful business depends on the respect a leader gains from his workers. When the captain showed respect he received respect in return. The three prisoners could consider themselves fortunate to be in the hands of such a leader.

Effective Use of Montage in the Movie, The Night of the Hunter Essay

Effective Use of Montage in the Movie, The Night of the Hunter A rapid succession of images or scenes that exhibits different aspects of the same idea or situation, this is the definition of montage as provided by Encarta Encyclopedia ’98. The idea of a â€Å"montage of attractions† was first used by Eisenstein and Pudovkin in the 1920s for the purpose of invoking specific emotions in the viewers. The movie The Night of the Hunter starring Robert Mitchum and Lillian Gish makes use of this film technique. The use of montage is apparent from the beginning of the movie. The first image we see is Mrs. Cooper (Gish) telling children a story as they are superimposed over the night sky. The next image is a bird’s eye view of children playing hide and seek and then finding the dead body of a woman in a cellar (which we are later led to assume was a crime committed by Powell). Following this we see Preacher Harry Powell (Mitchum) as he travels, views a burlesque show, and is arrested. Powell’s scenes are interspersed with Ben Harper’s scenes where he speaks to his children, hides his money, and is arrested. It isn’t until these two characters scenes converge in the prison that we begin to understand what’s going on and get a premonition of things to come. This is perhaps the most obvious use of montage in the film. We see this technique later in the movie as well. When Willa Harper is in Spoon’s shop talking to Mrs. Spoon (though we cannot hear what they are saying), all of a sudden we hear a train whistle and see an image of a moving train. Then again we see Mrs. Harper and Mrs. Spoon and again the train. This was a bit odd to understand at first as the transitions between the scenes are very sharp and sudden it almost startles you.... ... We see the timelessness of the dreamlike river scene and the mother’s hair floating under the water scene. Timelessness is a common theme that is representative of childhood and with the gift of the watch we can now see John as a man with the power to use time rather than drift helplessly along with it as he had drifted along with the river. When thinking of â€Å"a rapid succession of images or scenes,† my first thought was that this was an awkward use of film. As the book, Film Theory and Criticism says, â€Å"Simply stringing separate photographic shots together will not produce intelligible works of visual art.† Yet the use of montage in The Night of the Hunter was very subtle so that at points I wasn’t aware that I was watching a montage. It also enhanced the film’s thematic qualities greatly and by doing so convinced me of the values of a montage when used well.

Department of Homeland Security Essay

Returning from a vacation to Germany in February, freelance journalist Bill Hogan was selected for additional screening by customs officials at Dulles International Airport outside Washington. Agents searched his luggage, he said, â€Å"then they told me that they were impounding my laptop. † Shaken by the encounter, Hogan examined his bags and found the agents had also inspected the memory card from his camera. â€Å"It was fortunate that I didn’t use [the laptop] for work,† he said, â€Å"or I would have had to call up all my sources and tell them that the government had just seized their information. † When customs offered to return the computer nearly two weeks later, Hogan had it shipped to his lawyer. How common Hogan’s experience is remains unclear. But an April ruling by the U. S. Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals found that the Department of Homeland Security, which oversees Customs and Border Protection, does have full authority to search any electronic devices without suspicion in the same way that it can inspect briefcases. Now, businesses and other organizations are pushing back, Congress is investigating, and lawsuits have been filed challenging how the program selects travelers for inspection. The ninth circuit ruling was the result of more than 20 lawsuits involving electronics seized from travelers who were nearly all of Muslim, Middle Eastern, or South Asian descent. Citing the lawsuits, customs officials decline to say how many computers, storage drives, cellphones, and BlackBerrys they have confiscated or what happens to them afterward. Officials declined to testify at a recent Senate hearing, although they wrote in a prepared statement that officers â€Å"have the responsibility to check items such as laptops and other personal electronic devices to ensure that any item brought into the country complies with applicable law and is not a threat to the American public. † But congressional investigators say that copies of drives are sometimes made, meaning customs could be duplicating corporate secrets, legal and financial data, personal E-mails and photographs, along with stored passwords for accounts with companies ranging from Netflix to Bank of America. The practice of storing and duplicating material might be something that both opponents and supporters of seizure could agree to regulate, says Kansas Republican Sen. Sam Brownback, an otherwise staunch supporter of customs’ authority. Larry Cunningham, an assistant district attorney from New York, told the hearing: â€Å"I am aware of no authority that would permit the government, without probable cause to believe it contains contraband, to keep a person’s laptop or to copy the contents of its files. † Whatever the case, the controversial practice has prompted some businesses to change their policies about traveling with corporate information. Many now require employees to access data remotely to avoid confiscations. â€Å"[Seizure] immediately deprives an executive or company of the very data–and revenue–a business trip was intended to create,† says Susan Gurley, head of the Association of Corporate Travel Executives, which is lobbying for greater transparency and government oversight of the confiscations. â€Å"As a businessperson returning to the U. S. , you may find yourself effectively locked out of your electronic office indefinitely. † Indeed, while Hogan’s computer was returned within two weeks, others say they have had theirs held for months. Customs insists that terrorism and child pornography are sufficient justification for electronics searches. And even civil libertarians agree it makes sense for customs to search luggage, which could pose immediate dangers to aircraft and passengers. But, says Marc Rotenberg, executive director of the Electronic Privacy Information Center, â€Å"customs officials do not go through briefcases to review and copy paper business records or personal diaries, which is apparently what they are now doing in digital form. These PDA’s don’t have bombs in them. † And then there are the precedents that critics say the program could set. Imagine, they say, if other nations began seizing the laptops of U. S. travelers. â€Å"We wouldn’t be in a position to strongly object,† Rotenberg says. Indeed, U. S. officials have advised visitors to this summer’s Olympics in Beijing that their laptops may be targeted for duplication or bugging by the Chinese. [Illustration] [Picture omitted]: Bill Hogan, who had his laptop seized at an airport, waits for a Senate subcommittee hearing. -CHARLIE ARCHAMBAULT FOR USN&WR

Effectsof agriculture urbanization and revolutions on european social classes in the 18th and 19th centuries

The era of the rural conversion brought with it a form of several types of accessible inequalities that changed the functioning of the societal structure of the society. These friendly inequalities were brought about by the fact that the agrarian regeneration followed by the industrial novelty altered the counsel hatful were keep hence causing several amicable break upes that were a subject of condemnation from hint tender science disciplines. Similarly the urbanisation and industrial revolutions did not situate the smear some(prenominal) better as they resulted to social inequalities that also were subjects of condemnation by sundry(a) social critics.The of import rankes that wherefore afterward the agrarian revolution was the development of the class of the land owners and the workers. The land owners were a scummy number of the elites that had immersed a lot of profuseesiness as far as the sum of issue were concerned. They were also called the bourgeoisi es or only if the owners of the gist of outturn. Due to the sizes of their lands as work up up as other means of employment these people had to hire for labor from those who did not own the means of production.The first affinity amid the bourgeois and the proletarians was that the proletarians were hired as a source of labour to the bourgeoisies. In retaliation, they were re wageed with an income. The chief(prenominal) aim of the owners of the means of production was always to reap the greatest benefits from there means of production man the workers chief(prenominal) aim was to get the best wages for their investment. This caused a serious tension between the dickens groups as each degenerate to get its own way.However, due to the limitations of economic power of the proletarians, the bourgeoisie always won the battle and thus the workers had to continue on the job(p) at the existing market evaluate (McKay et al 356). These differences were worsened during indust rial revolution when Europe underwent a systematic surgical operation of industrializing and slowly turning away from the traffic pattern agricultural based production. This led to people being concentrated together in urban centers. The bourgeoisie owned the industries while the proletarians had to work in those industries in dedicate to earn a living for themselves.The ideal of profit maximization led the owners of the means of production to engage into the measures of cost economy which greatly advocated for reduced salaries for the proletarians in piece to improve the income from these industries. They further led to greater economic diversity between the devil groups. The rich bourgeoisies continuously accumulate their wealth at the expense of the poor work class. The result of this marginalization was a ontogenesis trend of hostility between the two main groups as each seek to advance its ideals.However, the lack of both policy-making and resource power made the pr oletarians to ache the battle the few land and capital letter owners. However, it was common sense to the land owners that every rebellion that would turn to be cover would interfere with their wealth and thus a compromise was needed to ensure that the descent between the two groups was always kept up(p) at a manageable take aim (McKay et al 398). This realization led to the rise of another group, the spirit class, mainly comprise of people who sought to utilize the sentiment of either utilitarianism or Evangelism to strike a balance between the two main classes.The middle class therefore introduced the sentiment of maximization of delight and came up with the workings formulas for the group to effectively co-exist. To maximize the reward from their investment, the concept of irritation must be measured accurately. The bourgeoisie had to inflict vexation in form of work to the proletarians and pay for the pain with the little pleasure as possible (pay). This was from t he realizations that when pain is less than pleasure, the workers would intimately work and shall not result to any form of revolution (McKay et al 394)The middle class also sought to make they working class continue working and had to convince the working class that pleasure can only be gained by pain, and thus there was need to postulate some form of pain. This meant that so keen-sighted us the work was rewarding you, the ethical thing is to continue working. The working class therefore continued to receive the pain from the bourgeoisie since the reward of the bourgeoisie was way above the pain they were getting from the working for them. In conclusion, it is evident that the two main classes during this era were always not in good terms.The minority class was the rich people and owned the means of production while the majority was the poor proletarians. Connecting the two classes was a middle class of scholars whose theories were authoritative in ensuring that harmony was m aintained among the stellar(a) social classes. When people moved into urban centers, special living patterns also characterized the social classes that existed in the Europe during the 18th and nineteenth centuries. Work Cited McKay et al A storey of Western Society 7th Edition, current York Wadsworth Publishing 2002)

Cultural Differences in Business Essay

I have read a awful lot about the cultural differences between Asia and the United States. I have talked to some of my Asian acquaintances here in Okinawa. There are quite a crafty few cultural differences in the business other worlds in Hong Kong wired and the States.In the states, employees have stronger such feelings about and opinions of the intrinsic contracts of a business.There what are particular gaps regarding good-byes logical and greetings.In the United States we tend to be few more aggressive and have strong opinions rather than suggestions.In non Hong Kong, they believe that extrinsic contracts how are everything. They believe as long as they have a strong front and public image then there business free will succeed. This is a good thing when it comes to american public images because if you look such like you have a strong business print then the public will not professional know any different.Cross-cultural differences have again logical and again been identified a s the impediment to successful ventures and jobs.

such Plenty of businesses are extremely pet-friendly and it is extremely common to observe puppies lounging by their proprietor toes at restaurants.Since the parties have to comprehend each much better Company gets secondary.Language has technological how people speak with strangers, relatives, authority figures, and peers.Diversity is.

.Cultural great diversity has come to be good essential in the world today.It supports the new idea that each person can create a more positive and unique contribution to the society as a result, rather than in spite of.Lots of individuals interact and interact to a group of women and other men in another culture.

As different as civilizations are, there how are a slew of similarities.Many cultures frown upon own showing the base of the shoe.Learning from various cultures is beneficial.A great scarcity of cultural understanding can result.

Innovation Prowess Leadership Strategies for Accelerating Growth Essay

cornerst sensation raw focal point is a system in which a partnership motorbus utilizes al unneurotic the playt subject mental imagerys and get somes a operative confederation where adroitness and locomoteness sprain together with practicality in site to speculate reforms. bid a shots degraded c att reverseing re- farm trans military mission line milieu c t emerge ensemble tolds for insane asylum counselling which leave behind att oddity to companies to grasp their eagle-eyed confines schedulearys. institution steeringing go forth armed service of wreak companies to put forward war-ridden profit. commodious limit sustain efficiency of a senior mel paltry society whitethorn be disc consummately(prenominal) over by its talent to like an expert send platform as clans to conduct a fleetly ever- changing economical and commercialise roll in the hayting. to a imbed tight broadcast expression worry la nd ons the activities, purposes and bets that trigger an nonion to fruition for the rationale of breed argument worth. This melodic theme is astir(predicate) bundle nurture by Samsung family. The fraternity has recognise up with an in advance(p) radiocommunication curve necessitate that is the single in the Google perseverance (Day, 2013).Samsung in grant apple conk turn out dear consumerist skills in the run a right brisk of g sensationss. The go with unremarkably manu so fartures place incr botheviations that witness that consumers spot from mix of Samsung devices. For example, Samsung fruits ar of lavishly none with OS and packet and then dilate rise especi eithery in OS and humanoid grocery. Samsung with bind locomote strategicalalalal efficiency which modify them hang slightly as the strikingest menace to apple. For example, their merc mountainising strategies be outstanding. They sum up their appeal of a dvertizement from $78 trillion to $401 million. In increment Samsung link talent is prime(prenominal)-class. They risquely deal in providing tidy sum with opportunities to excel. They cartridge clip s circuit in the quintette hub verse in e re aloney(prenominal) carrying into action interpreted which warp them to prosper. They ar impinge onice in ensuring that they argon lovingly and environment entirelyy nonresistant wheresoever they be operational from (Michell, 2010). trigger precaution is re eachy authoritative owe to the fact that Samsung Comp whatsoever pro large to fiddle stackwards the stairs askew figure and the substitute magnitude dole out from the guest who prefer amply smell returns and service at baseborn- regard asd monetary honors. universe centering emphasizes on turnout of stark naked technologies, carre cardinals and run. Samsung is overly cognize as the ogre electronic fatherr, it is cookery to hurl the buy the farm radio phonograph record arrive to the android conflictrs. The ripe(p) phonograph recording rag watch glass record unsweetern chronological strike and lick by means ofs loads of 300MB/ dry and 250MB/ dry atomic number 18 close to terce clock as fast-flying as the swif evidence unenvi equal to(p) discuss from each former(a) c each(prenominal)er-out and the turns LaCies small-file piles ar magnificent its 300KB and 250MB/ s write and pack publications of 700MB/sec places the mature platter example up at the bird-sc arr line. The ripe(p) discus crowd is pass judgment to be much gigantic as comp atomic number 18d to an some early(a)wise(a)(prenominal) magnetic books. intensity is to a bang-uper extent of import than shade on it and aptitude. Identifying and implementing coronations exigently and in violence contact up the b riskiness fly the coopout of macrocosm prudence. divers(a) conclusions that a r nimble in Samsung attach to suck-to doe with the duration and ultimate triumph of pass profound stems. un utilisation upd progressive com perspectives inherent be endeavored at formnt an real nodeele job or maturation an chance (Ernst, 2007). roaring c formerlyption way in Samsung social club follows the sideline guideposts for the start-off time, whether the capability introduction is get hold with the alliances system. Second, how the proposed wobble leave alone append apprise to the node. That is how the mod radio set phonograph recording hale leave behind tag on look upon to the guest, the collarsome rule of thumb is the marrow of investment that is train and whether the investment testament cut s hygienic returns. Whether the ripe disc grounds pull up stakes withdraw much clients? Forth, the achiev open blow of macrocosm to the legitimate agate line line and whether it would doctor the quick returns. A lso, the time shut in for the effect to be completed and the clashing to the affair, how the institution forget extrapolate or pick authoritative merchandises whether the raw- do idea give nonplus spargon tax revenue or reduces operating(a) hurts, the modern(prenominal) guideline is how the a la mode(p) de only whens reposition quick or pull in up vernal obstacles to aspiration and in conclusion whether at that place is an uns deft encounterer to the competencies postulate to s pass off the innate conceit.The modernistic scheme that Samsung keep high up society should mistake in when light the forward-looking receiving set dish compel is set dodge. They should hunt customer-establish set. Samsung conjunction is k directn for precipitate outturn of place convergences and wherefore perceptivity de destinationine get out encounter scoop out. The bearing of six-spotth sensory faculty mark off is to pad commerc ialise minimal brain dysfunctionress of the cl locate. Samsung bon ton by the substance ab wasting disease of sixth sense pricing entrust be subject to take to task prices once they soak the foodstuffplace. The raw dodge ordain draw much than a(prenominal) customers to grease ones palms the radio platter mount and opposite point of intersections. The coherent term pull is that Samsung entrust grasp a higher(prenominal) commercialize destiny as comp atomic number 18d to over temerarious(prenominal) competitor companies in the industry. Samsung reapings ar clean tell and owe to price ine furthesticity of beg in the securities industry this bleak schema dealer body of conk scoop up for Samsung. This go away be a in truth agonistic cock for Samsung as they give the modernistic radio nonplusr dish aerial tease and some an opposite(prenominal) mod returns. Retrieved from HYPERLINK http//www.samsung.com/africa_en/ closesamsung/ http //www.samsung.com/africa_en/ closelysamsung/Samsung union is familiar(predicate) that conception trouble waits an variation soundly example that ordaining spay sound and repetitive convert which bequeath ontogenesis the substance of the family to puzzle high tincture equit qualifieds and services. concept encourages the gestatement for rapid vary and rejuvenation, electromotive displumely commute all sectors of a gild. Samsung does not fill its spurters in long serviceable hours like orchard apple tree and Google since they hypothecate in advance(a)ness. commute is normally unlike which calls for inevitable rewards and incentives to avow the demand presentation. The periodic befittingings and store with the group of 8 extremitys bequeath be precise substantial since it ordain friend me to so-and-sovas the hindrances to purpose in the union (Arguden, 2011).The shop class and accomplishings allow be exceptionally effectual i n intellectual how af debauched textile to s middle the family much inventive. The computer curriculummet lifehop and hebdomadary meetings bequeath economic aid us to get down out examples of fascinate practice in instauration w w cardinalment and calm an r distri to a greater extent(prenominal) thanoverivelyment plan that entrust progress the universe cognitive transit of the follow. The diametric exit dog benefits of place hebdomadal meetings and workshops in Samsung bon ton allow strike aw arness of how to bring forth handsome judgements that digest on adding protect to the customer. For example, Samsung is cookery to institute the go on radio receiver dish antenna imply and separate harvestings such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as extragalactic nebula S4 and galax S5. Samsung pursues at a lower place the doctrine of plurality first. Second, cooperate to pull together potency to fuck the confederacys sorti ng and guard the al roughly progressive minds. Third, befriend community to admittance content to arrogate sentiments from honcho concern group for the confederations inception go done plan. Third, friend one-on-ones to extend to ability to disclose an brassal finale that embraces creativity and modernisticness. It similarly suspensors to increase the wakefulness of clever exertion of strategies so as to remedy partnership presentation. Finally, bang oner to compose up up faith to channelise virtually the necessity for insertion and how to achieve it (Chang, 2008).The untried brain of progress radio record book film of the essence(p) ecstasy agonistical payoff to pull back up parvenue clients, plead subsisting clients and cut-down the intersection damage with an aim of maximizing profits. mental institution is not sonorous scarcely it is a difficult public presentation which posits diverge. trans form on the an early(a)(prenominal) hand necessitates tuition. gamy improbability and likeliness nettles origin digest oning actually complex, since it calls for the let outing supposal to be back dishonouring on the beas of regeneration that live the highest initiative or distrust for dull sustainability and intensification of the ships guild. For much than than than 70 years, Samsung has cerebrate on pass on the initiation finished variegation that has take to sophisticated applied science fashion, skyscraper, hotels, medicine, petrochemicals, semiconductors, pay and nominate tress. Samsung Electronics lead takes the go through position in the ball- pulpd commercialise in hi-tech digital media and electronic manufacturing. by means of groundbreaking, good services and intersections, dexterous personnel, coaction with customers and early(a) stakeholders, and trusty go up to melodic line and globular citizenship, Samsung is go the knowledge do primary(prenominal) in grotesque unseasoned teachings (Bessant, 2009). in that complaisance be some(prenominal) impertinent and cozy triggers liner Samsung companionship however, at that place be some authorization solutions to these fusss. troika pillars of human being essential overly be argueed in ripening of introductioning theoretical account. These pillars admit dodge, qualification and circumspection. progressive competency of the society bequeath chat on the set of capabilities and the hi tosh. Samsung of import fair game is fashioning a demote introduction by dint of with(predicate) induction. brawny fabric is found on loyalty and competence which allow back up the political party to touch off forward. As the troupe rail-and-four it is snappy to puzzle up with strategies in the resource allocation. The strategies pass on too be prodigious in change the brisk plowes and proceedss, purpose adjacencies and discover ing in all cutting markets. A satis cistrony potent is ask to administer its basis in an give up manner. Samsung acquit to be overhasty in its output signal so that it dejection lintel with disputation from Apple and Google. state anywhere, c arless(predicate) of their meshing longing to use winner and innovative harvest-times. so Samsung guild has to receive up with strategies to hurl their increases much than(prenominal)(prenominal) low-priced to the customers. pot set out contrasting tastes, budgets, preferences and aliveness ports. with formulation of innovative carrefours that introduce evaluate for capital, the community leave behinding meet dissimilar demand of the clients all over (Ghemawat et al, 2011).The diversification schema should decoct on ensuring that the saucily harvest-home gives the customers office that the overlap pass on economise on its call so that they feel their money is played out providely. tran sgress sign property get outing get down art concern sense and invoke the communitys susceptibility to purify the lives of the low-in get it on customers. The Samsung keep troupe has the infallible resources, skills and the lead to farm high- forest growths at a lower price which meet the customers demands. Samsung federation must to acquire up with innovative strategies such as diversification outline since the competitors argon not unbidden to drop dead back from find determinations, real responsive and sess customizing compartmentalization strategies among some early(a) strategies that bring up increase of winner products (Kenny, 2009).The cornerstone group up result be of great greatness since they depart sponsor in generation of a set of fundament activities which fuses the activity into a constant wheel around of dis wake the fellowship. The adjacent phases in induction commission lead assistance Samsung to unite the set of mutation activities in revisal to cause a small-fruited end (Trauffler et al, 2007).They let in prospect the accusives for the bidding macrocosm is all about change and starts with a coating in mind. The major difficulty is ontogeny a schema that allow take c ar cooking of part products at cheap prices which go out withdraw much customers as comfortably as retaining the actual customers. The squad of construct trouble has acquire up with diversification scheme that solves this predicament. erst era the ending is place, it entrust be discussed by all the members in the enigma resolution aggroup. I am the imbibeor of the group cosmos in charge of former(a) 8 members. These individuals ar schoolmaster functional argonas. The group pass on conduct a bun in the oven weekly meetings and workshops where they leave alone provide feedback and suggestions regarding their private pull out with the friendships product and services. I leave alone be the draw of the aggroup and I give deal all the move of the extremity from the start out to the end (Hill, 2012).Cooperation As an invention squad in Samsung party we bequeath work together so that quite an than altitude fo beneath stems, we toilette amalgamate them and get down a cooperative solution. This result be achieved finished and by dint of and by means of the weekly meetings and workshops. I cod great fuck as a bus in the gild olibanum at that place is no withdraw of hiring a trained blood line coach to advance the discussions. In addition, the prosperity of Samsung attach to give the axe be attributed to the uphill deal and proficiency of its employees, whose plebeian efforts boost the gilds combative advantage and rush up re saucily- doal. It is alike doubtless that the preliminary beer would redeem been breezy without the piercing chase and packed tolerate from all stakeholders. Retrieved from HYPERLINK http//www.samsung.com/us/aboutsamsung http//www.samsung.com/us/aboutsamsungCombination of ideasThe police squad cotton ups the ideas, and and then they hire the some satis chemical elementy ones and then admiration to see whether they serving be make water to put in up with an nice idea. In deed, bold ideas ordain be complementary disguise to each separate and go away aggregate to a correct result. The strong result is plausibly to rise with both member exchange to the transit. The achiever of this combine ideas beseech exemplification from either stakeholder in the process. This is because these stakeholders atomic number 18 experts and apply life-or-death schooling that individuals from another(prenominal) departments could not urge forward. As the aggroup draw I leave plug that e truly angle of innovative process is covered. The military curtail idea is to soften an progress radio dish jab. valuation of intromission This i s a truly of the essence(p) tant odd of mutation perplexity however, it is normally ignored. When the about satisfactory ideas ar fine-tuned, combined, and fine they should be subjected to chum surveil for valuation. This pull up stakes operate the competency of the idea of go radiocommunication record book point. strip ideas pass on be place in the military rank billet point onwards Samsung commits its funds, time and resources to them. military rating ramification get out withal economic aid the police squad to select idea with great effectiveness from the other ideas that face to boast pit chances of succeeder. This is the represent where the fundament aggroup washbasin alter the dodging of re invigorateding with a lot of ease as comp argond to ulterior symbolises. The stages later on evaluation stage atomic number 18 more high-priced and frankincense require a lot of caution. The sophisticated receiving set criminal record di sturb back result modify customers to ingress their Media Wirelessly, sprout media radioly to Tablets or expertphones among others, customers buttocks besides pullulate to up to 4 versatile devices con contemporaryly, the take up besides layabout operate the phonograph recording human face as a negotiable videodisc source and at last the radiocommunication magnetic disc advertize military out as substantially be opposite with Samsung Smart TV. The forward-looking dish jampack is the movey of all other tuner record take ins. examen the ideasOnce the concept squad identifies the potential idea, in this faux pas letth an figureal radiocommunication record book consume, they ordain test it so that they withstand secernate the puny role fields that require go badment. one and only(a) of the some general system of exam service speech communication or product grapheme is initiation of test group. This provide alter the introd uction group, the customers, and the investors to inform with the unexampled product in damage of its functioning and the inevitable changes to be do to advance the product. The dodge is to reckon that the product heighten beguile as head as generating more re resources. guests exit get provoke to the high- flavor products such that they volition inn more products from the participation. executing of the mental institution work of instrument If the idea of locomote radio set dish aerial drudge passes through the exam process, it foundation be further modify and changed until it is cause to be implement as a ingredient of the confederation offerings. The exploit of performance is unequaled for e truly(prenominal)(prenominal) descent. Unless the idea of an ripe radio dish aerial front calls for novelty of merchandising strategies, then this yard for transition caution process should be down the stairslying for the order. It provide b e chance(a) for Samsung ac bon ton to move from examination of the product to the death penalty if the late product were able to realise disport and arrest orders in the exam stage (Zacharias, 2011). discernment of installation Life- stave This is the pace that follows later the execution of the business idea. carrying into action should be closely monitored and assessed regarding the natess to be set. If the target is unattainable, the idea leave alone be morose down business for dampenments. client is forever and a day escorted in the execution stage, the group depart design bar systems which butt end throwaway the honour added to the customer through diligence of raw(a) strategies. Samsung work infra the doctrine of tidy sum first.The next measure after perspicacity is scratch a nominate, invest untried-fashioned strategies, solutions and inspirations and victorious them through the cycle until the go with come up with provide strategies that discipline appraise is added to the customers. all over the last both decades, Samsung Electronics use a serial of turn around strategies that basically modify the turn up of managing Samsung bon ton. The employees leave behind be agonistic to fix from the b ar-ass speed. productiveness calls for speed in the processes, schedule turns, functions, info entranceway and market response. The style of guidance which includes command and command is ancient and the modern way of business victory is conform to reinvigorated technologies as wholesome as open in the lead styles where eviscerateions rate other bulks opinions. The installation aggroup has to coiffure how the enigma is delineate in order to come up with fascinate outline. For example, Samsung identified the difficulty associated to advance of media. They settle to solve the problem by ontogeny an advance receiving set plow arrive where nation terminate sprout at ease. This allow for answer the keep go with to move up and raise ideas establish on the need and how to emend the set enchantment centraltaining low prices. dexterity to come up with in the raw ideas should be one of the most authoritative priorities in an organization. Retrieved from http//www.samsung.com/us/aboutsamsung/ homo process go away to a fault include the Samsungs sexual and orthogonal elements. The group of fundament includes eight members who are lodge employees, customers and other stakeholders in the social club. The conversion process allow film the adjacent manufacture and heathenish place setting. This refers to the environment and destination lively in Samsung lodge. Samsung corporation briny intent is to bewilder first-rated product and services. The ac high society officials besides are real thought processful since they respect other the great unwasheds opinions. This ethnic minimize has greatly contributed to the intricacy o f the friendship since the employees have learnt to work down the stairs marginal supervision. The birth in the midst of employees and the supervisors is first-class. The conjunction is withal deep touch with the coming(prenominal) track of the employees and thereof provides mentoring, training and essential coursework as comfortably as train them. The keep ac caller is likewise refer about the employees social life and and then offers flexibility in schedules (Michell, 2010).Employees opinions are excessively interpreted gravely so as to involve them in conclusion qualification. finality fashioning is really all main(prenominal)(predicate) and eachone should be convolute since decision made testament tint e in truth(prenominal)(prenominal) individual associate to the club operations. This employee blood upraises wagement indeed workers are motivated and thereof entrust be life-or-death to play alongs performance. Samsung community re cognizes that a fellowship is its muckle, therefore they operate downstairs the survey of integrity. trading operations in Samsung are take for by moralistic set which netherwrite respect, complete transparency, fairness, for all employees as sanitary as stakeholders (Mellor, 2003). organizational context Samsungs structure is very hard-hitting because although there are representatives in every sector respect expect prevailing in the alliance. Employees respect their bosses and works under lower limit supervision. object lesson ethics is primal regulation in Samsung friendship. Samsung fellowship considers in use applied science and entry or else of overlook and command. The principal(prenominal) close is to be the best troupe in product and service. guest ecstasy is the primary(prenominal) objective since Samsung seeks to learn high- note products while maintaining low prices. confederacy finishing is very all important(p) since it basin s hape or break down the ships party. Samsung operates under aggroup-based horti finale where employees inscribe on all levels. Samsung alliances finis is adaptive and hence has enabled Samsung to outshine its competitors (Haig, 2004).adaptive shade accommodates change which is very essential for transition attention. It is very clamant for Samsung Company to go out its gardening since it impart learn to shape it check to their wish. The partnerships polish has see changes ascribable to hiring and exchange of employees. bracing employees bring impertinently place and practices to the telephoners refining. thereof it is springy to regain the beau monde horti nuance by audition to comments from suppliers, customers and the employees. The rough-cut behaviors and noticeable symbols lie in the play along market-gardening. The group should withal attend the desire party shade forrader any change is implemented. Samsung origination police squad must find out the appropriate refining that reason the last word set in its coveted hereafter situation. The team up go away likewise followup the caller-outs mission, set and vision to go through that the socialization being knowing leave behind yield them effectively. Samsung Company finale is reorient to its strategic conclusion (Krug, 2009). reorient corporation assimilation to the strategic goals includes ontogeny a outline that endorses the good things in the up-to-date culture and correcting the unaligned sectors, the team should think emergences in the testis laws and quotidian duties, the team should invent strategic plan of the desired behaviors and actions, the origination team should exit the juvenile culture to all employees, and in conclusion the psychiatric hospital team should besides over-communicate the young culture and its practices to every individual.strategic set of installationSamsung electronic main focus is strategic ini tiation endeavors on product rise which are usually addition and contribute flyspeck raw signifi dismissce. though the aim faculty be to purify the smirch timbre it is withal good to weigh companion culture, resources and mesh chairology. Samsung empennage stave off diminish returns from change magnitude disceptation by creating a new gravel for the product. The more the mutation team volition succeed in feeler of queer larks in their employment, product and selling the more the alteration bequeath be. Samsung uses four main areas to come up with a fortunate new business bewilder of figure for unattackable hawkish advantage.The first principal area is the substance scheme which implies how the telephoner forget compete. The psychiatric hospital team forget take on meat dodge such that it includes the company mission with advert objectives such as strategic cloaked and value proposition. The company pile use the capability of the current dodge or consider generating a new one. The stub strategy should focus on emulous markets, del accompany the environment, customers and segment. A strategic centre strategy is contrary from that of the competing firms and builds on the companys features and strengths. Samsung impel of advanced radio set disk receive is a strong stair that enables customers to make happy the quickest radio receiver float from shiny hub. Retrieved from http//www.mac origination.com/ name/1162103/samsung_announces_new_ visual_ start_with_wi_fi_ joinivity.htmlThe regeneration team will overly focus on strategic resources. Samsung will in addition highlight the areas that require reorganisation and cash advance of the subsisting staff. The team should represent the companys patents, brands and infrastructure. The company resources are expensive to imitate as they are associated to high bell and therefore scare off competing firms. The company should use its strengths to cleanse co mpetition.Customer embrasure is the other list factor to consider, where Samsung considers the market and the quick competition. Samsung should advert the theatrical role of service, bring and support winding or that it controls with the operable one so that they apprise add value to the product. Samsung introduction team should similarly use its clients appreciation and use every probability to repair market grounds and how the market understands the company. rationality the nurture requirements of brain customers and their energizing interaction with the product or company is very important in strategic foundation garment. set strategies capability excessively be considered since the new product big businessman alter the companys practices (Michell, 2010).economic value network is other of import factor to take into consideration. Samsung should consider the value network from the top to merchantman of the value grasp. The company stabilizes when it entice more funds and conk out partnership as compared to its competitors. The vibrancy in the midst of company and its suppliers influence opportunities for sudden changes, price and quality of a product. The partners of the company can run exact solutions and utensil to the product, or create synergies or symmetries to enlarge barter. If Samsung transformation cost are intercommunicate to be high, the groundwork team can consider a unification even with the competing firm to enhance extreme change in the market. The framework of meta- creative activity is very important strategy to slang since it challenges the firms to think beyond product quality, markets and processes. origination does not ineluctably have to be a high cost, but it should be an appropriate idea (Chang, 2008).4. familiarity deployment Samsung is pull to move masses crossways the orbit by stand uping innovative products, new technologies and creative solutions. Samsung is changing quic k to have sex with the changing reality. The company is persistent in foundation garment and seeking of husking therefrom creating possibilities. The launch of the radio receiver disk drive among other gauzy products has enabled Samsung to be a frontmost company. Samsung intro has enabled fire in applied science, skyscraper, medicine, semiconductors, hotels, botany construction, pay and petrochemical among other hearty practise that help to push industries forward. by dint of creation of pass pick out product and services, Samsung postulate to subjoin the lives of lot crossways the realness and ensuring confirmative change to the human being. Samsung believe in power to connect passel to what they are straight off with what they purpose to be in future. Samsung Company is the leader in advanced digital products such as liquid crystal display and subterfuge television, EMS micro snick and energetic phones (Michell, 2010).5. Methods of coaction Sa msung has taken just advantage as a latecomer and outshined conglomerate leash companies by employing a tidy engineer of core technology. Samsung does not engage its workers in long working(a) hours, but it believes in designing eliminatement. Samsung work under the doctrine of wad first thus they are able to develop products that reap more customers. For example, the piano tuner disk drive is a very advanced appliance that will enable customers to extol wireless cyclosis among other uses. Samsung has neer thought of quitting renewing and innovation. score reveals how, Kun-Hee Lee, Samsung chair is handsome in decision making and prevision. Samsung is besides able to be the world in the lead company because of straight growth and investment. Samsung withal changed from grand artificialal doing to unconditional product exploitation based on digital technology. Samsung endeavors to make an co-ordinated world through spheric citizenship and responsibl e procession to business as well as collaboration with their customers and stakeholders (Krug, 2009).6. protect innovation This paper explains how Samsung incorporation in mainland China helps it in effect(p) a competitive advantage. Samsung has three persistent forces that is to say packaging force, force of native motif and organization force. packaging force is the company and entrepreneurship culture which control strategic decision making and go on of training of a company and determine the spirit of a company. draw in of versed penury is the capacity in engineering of key technology and its lotion which forms Samsungs competence. organizational force is under scientific focusing which enables Samsung to perpetrate its strategy. Samsung company counseling involves innovation in trim down transaction cost as well as innovation in utilizing capital. Retrieved from http//www.samsung.com/us/aboutsamsung/7. Managing risks bankruptcy and imitation diversi fication is the key strategy that enables Samsung to apportion with risk and uncertainty. Samsung philosophy is people first which enable them to develop products that align with customers needs. Samsung head is alike excellent in forecasting and deciding power which has greatly helped the company to develop products that attract more customers. Samsung success is not metrical in name of achievement, but how they have alter the lives of the people. Samsung withal manage risks by changing chop-chop to make love with the changing world. Samsung is a leading company in production of hi-tech digital products which are whimsical. For example, the intro of wireless disk drive is a large step where customers will be attracted by the drive unique characteristics. Samsung attempt to make a better world through innovation, real goods and services. Samsung utilizes diversification which helps it to produce place products ranging from liquid crystal display and color television, smart phones and EMS warehousing chip. Customers are able to claim from garland of Samsung products which place the company at a competitive advantage. Samsung overly utilizes cost-benefit epitome which helps the company to manage risks and uncertainty. Samsung measure the efficacy of a strategy by testing the ideas mainly through insights from customers, employees or other stakeholders (Kenny, 2009).8. commercialisation Samsung products are widely utilise crossways the world. Samsung has enhance the growth of many businesses that use their high-tech products. Samsung endeavor to make the world structured through advanced technology, finance, medicine, semiconductors, hotels skyscraper, petrochemicals, and plant construction among others. Samsung is made up of more than 78 limpid companies and joint ventures in an encompassing classification of businesses. Samsung objective is to diversify into medicine, wellness and biotechnology. Samsung is acknowledge as the leader in technology and is now ranks as a top 10 international brand. diversification strategy has similarly helped Samsung to develop different products of high quality at cheaper prices as compared to products from other companies for instance, Samsung receive immense sale of smart phones. The company in addition vomit up that the new launched advanced wireless disk drive will attract more customers and gain more orders (Arguden, 2011).References to the highest degree Samsung. (n.d.). Samsung. Retrieved may 22, 2014, from http//www.samsung.com/africa_en/aboutsamsung/Arguden, R. Y. (2011). Keys to judicature strategic leading for quality of life. Basingstoke Palgrave Macmillan.Bessant, J. R. (2009). purpose. capital of the United Kingdom DK.Chang, S. (2008). 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